{"id":37805,"date":"2026-04-13T16:49:22","date_gmt":"2026-04-13T14:49:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lesclesdelabanque.com\/particulier\/?p=37805"},"modified":"2026-04-13T16:59:47","modified_gmt":"2026-04-13T14:59:47","slug":"cheque-caution-garantie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lesclesdelabanque.com\/particulier\/cheque-caution-garantie\/","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u00e8que de caution : montant, modalit\u00e9s et restitution"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"has-normal-font-size wp-block-heading\">Vous cherchez un logement en location ou vous \u00eates propri\u00e9taire bailleur ? Le \"ch\u00e8que de caution\" fait partie des termes couramment utilis\u00e9s dans l'immobilier locatif. Pourtant, cette expression recouvre en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 le d\u00e9p\u00f4t de garantie, une somme encadr\u00e9e par la loi qui prot\u00e8ge le propri\u00e9taire contre d'\u00e9ventuels impay\u00e9s ou d\u00e9gradations. Entre montant autoris\u00e9, modalit\u00e9s d'encaissement et restitution, il est essentiel de bien comprendre vos droits et obligations.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Qu'est-ce qu'un ch\u00e8que de caution ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le <strong>ch\u00e8que de caution<\/strong> n'existe pas en droit fran\u00e7ais. Cette expression, couramment utilis\u00e9e dans le langage courant, d\u00e9signe en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 le <strong>d\u00e9p\u00f4t de garantie<\/strong> pr\u00e9vu par la loi du 6 juillet 1989 pour la location de logements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il s'agit d'une somme d'argent vers\u00e9e par le locataire au propri\u00e9taire lors de la signature du contrat de location. Cette garantie financi\u00e8re permet de couvrir d'\u00e9ventuels impay\u00e9s de loyer ou les d\u00e9gradations constat\u00e9es dans le logement \u00e0 la fin du bail. Le montant de cette garantie doit obligatoirement figurer dans le bail de location.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une fois l'\u00e9tat des lieux de sortie effectu\u00e9, le d\u00e9p\u00f4t de garantie devra \u00eatre restitu\u00e9 par le bailleur, d\u00e9duction faite des sommes que le locataire doit encore \u00e0 son propri\u00e9taire, par exemple en cas de d\u00e9g\u00e2ts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quel est le montant autoris\u00e9 pour un d\u00e9p\u00f4t de garantie en 2026 ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le montant du <strong>d\u00e9p\u00f4t de garantie<\/strong> varie selon le type de location et reste strictement encadr\u00e9 par la loi. Ces plafonds d\u00e9pendent de la nature du logement que vous louez. vous ne pouvez pas exiger davantage, m\u00eame avec l'accord du locataire. Toute clause contraire serait consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme non \u00e9crite. Il correspond maximum \u00e0 :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>1 mois de loyer hors charges pour une<\/strong> <strong>location vide<\/strong> <strong>(non meubl\u00e9e) <\/strong>. Pour un loyer mensuel de 800 \u20ac, le d\u00e9p\u00f4t de garantie sera au maximum de 800 \u20ac.<\/li><li><strong>2 mois de loyer hors charges pour une location meubl\u00e9e<\/strong>. Cette diff\u00e9rence s'explique par la pr\u00e9sence de mobilier et d'\u00e9quipements \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans certains cas pr\u00e9cis, le propri\u00e9taire a l'interdiction de vous demander un d\u00e9p\u00f4t de garantie :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>si vous signez un <strong>bail mobilit\u00e9 <\/strong>(personnes en formation, \u00e9tudes ou mission temporaire),<\/li><li>si votre propri\u00e9taire a souscrit une assurance pour loyers impay\u00e9s (GLI), il ne peut pas cumuler cette protection avec le cautionnement d'une personne physique (la \"caution\"), sauf si vous \u00eates \u00e9tudiant ou apprenti.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le ch\u00e8que de caution est-il encaiss\u00e9 imm\u00e9diatement ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Contrairement \u00e0 une <strong>id\u00e9e re\u00e7ue<\/strong> largement r\u00e9pandue, le propri\u00e9taire va <strong>encaisser le ch\u00e8que<\/strong> de d\u00e9p\u00f4t de garantie d\u00e8s la <strong>remise des cl\u00e9s<\/strong> et la <strong>signature du bail<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une fois sign\u00e9 et remis, le ch\u00e8que reste en effet un moyen de paiement classique. Le propri\u00e9taire n'attendra pas une \u00e9ventuelle d\u00e9gradation pour proc\u00e9der \u00e0&nbsp;<strong>l'encaissement du ch\u00e8que <\/strong>car&nbsp;un ch\u00e8que se p\u00e9rime au bout d'un an et 8 jours. Le propri\u00e9taire conserve ainsi cette somme pendant toute la dur\u00e9e du bail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Assurez-vous d'avoir imm\u00e9diatement la provision en compte, c'est-\u00e0-dire l'argent n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 son paiement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comment faire un \"ch\u00e8que de caution\" ou d\u00e9p\u00f4t de garantie sans ch\u00e9quier ? Quelle alternative ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vous ne poss\u00e9dez pas de ch\u00e9quier ? Plusieurs <strong>alternatives l\u00e9gales<\/strong> permettent de constituer votre d\u00e9p\u00f4t de garantie sans compromettre votre location.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Le <strong>ch\u00e8que de banque<\/strong>. Comptez entre 10 et 15 euros de frais et un d\u00e9lai de 24 heures \u00e0 une semaine selon les \u00e9tablissements.<\/li><li>Le <strong>virement bancaire<\/strong>, gratuit et tra\u00e7able. Sp\u00e9cifiez dans le motif du virement \"d\u00e9p\u00f4t de garantie\".<\/li><li>Le <strong>mandat cash<\/strong>, utile si vous n'avez pas de compte bancaire traditionnel.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A savoir : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.actionlogement.fr\/l-avance-loca-pass\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">L\u2019avance LOCA-PASS<\/a> est une aide d\u2019Action Logement permettant d\u2019avancer le montant du d\u00e9p\u00f4t de garantie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Combien de temps un ch\u00e8que de caution est-il valable ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un ch\u00e8que de caution suit les <strong>m\u00eames r\u00e8gles de validit\u00e9<\/strong> que tout autre ch\u00e8que bancaire. Sa dur\u00e9e l\u00e9gale d'encaissement est de <strong>1 an et 8 jours<\/strong> \u00e0 compter de la date d'\u00e9mission inscrite sur le document.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cette dur\u00e9e se d\u00e9compose en deux \u00e9l\u00e9ments : un <strong>d\u00e9lai de pr\u00e9sentation de 8 jours<\/strong> pour un ch\u00e8que \u00e9mis en France m\u00e9tropolitaine, auquel s'ajoute un <strong>d\u00e9lai de prescription d'un an<\/strong>. Pour les ch\u00e8ques \u00e9mis dans les DOM-TOM, ce d\u00e9lai passe \u00e0 1 an et 30 jours.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vous devez donc pr\u00e9voir que&nbsp;votre ch\u00e8que sera d\u00e9bit\u00e9 d\u00e8s sa remise au propri\u00e9taire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comment r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer son d\u00e9p\u00f4t de garantie ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La <strong>restitution du d\u00e9p\u00f4t de garantie<\/strong> s'effectue selon des r\u00e8gles pr\u00e9cises qui prot\u00e8gent vos droits de locataire. Le propri\u00e9taire dispose de <strong>d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux stricts<\/strong> pour vous rembourser cette somme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si <strong>l'\u00e9tat des lieux de sortie<\/strong> est conforme \u00e0 celui d'entr\u00e9e, le bailleur doit vous restituer l'int\u00e9gralit\u00e9 du montant s'il n'y a pas de d\u00e9gradations au\u2011del\u00e0 de l\u2019usure normale, dans un\u00a0<strong>d\u00e9lai d'1 mois<\/strong> \u00e0 compter de la remise des cl\u00e9s. Ce d\u00e9lai passe \u00e0 <strong>2 mois maximum<\/strong> lorsque des d\u00e9gradations sont constat\u00e9es et justifient des retenues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le <strong>versement du montant<\/strong> peut s'effectuer en mains propres, par virement bancaire ou ch\u00e8que. Pensez \u00e0 communiquer votre nouvelle adresse au propri\u00e9taire pour faciliter la restitution.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Peut-on bloquer ou faire opposition sur un ch\u00e8que de caution ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Non, vous ne pouvez pas faire <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lesclesdelabanque.com\/particulier\/faire-opposition-sur-cheque-comment-et-dans-quels-cas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">opposition<\/a><\/strong> sur un ch\u00e8que de d\u00e9p\u00f4t de garantie dans le cadre d'un litige locatif. L'opposition n'est l\u00e9galement autoris\u00e9e qu'en cas de <strong>perte, vol ou utilisation frauduleuse<\/strong> du ch\u00e8que.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Faire opposition pour emp\u00eacher l'encaissement d'un d\u00e9p\u00f4t de garantie constitue une <strong>opposition abusive<\/strong>. Cette pratique expose \u00e0 des sanctions p\u00e9nales : jusqu'\u00e0 5 ans d'emprisonnement et 375 000 euros d'amende, ainsi qu'une interdiction d'\u00e9mettre des ch\u00e8ques de 1 \u00e0 5 ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Que faire en cas de non-restitution du d\u00e9p\u00f4t de garantie ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Votre propri\u00e9taire refuse de vous rendre votre d\u00e9p\u00f4t de garantie ou d\u00e9passe les <strong>d\u00e9lais l\u00e9gaux<\/strong> ? En cas de non-restitution ou restitution partielle injustifi\u00e9e du ch\u00e8que de caution, vous disposez de recours.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Commencez par adresser une <strong>mise en demeure<\/strong> par lettre recommand\u00e9e avec accus\u00e9 de r\u00e9ception. R\u00e9clamez la restitution int\u00e9grale et les <strong>p\u00e9nalit\u00e9s de retard.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si cette d\u00e9marche reste sans effet, vous pouvez saisir gratuitement la <strong>Commission d\u00e9partementale de conciliation (CDC)<\/strong> dans un d\u00e9lai de <strong>3 ans<\/strong>. Cette proc\u00e9dure aboutit \u00e0 une convocation sous 15 jours et une d\u00e9cision en 2 mois maximum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Questions fr\u00e9quentes sur \"le ch\u00e8que de caution\"<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Peut-on faire un ch\u00e8que de caution \u00e0 un particulier ?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Oui, il est possible de faire un ch\u00e8que de caution \u00e0 un particulier, bailleur priv\u00e9. C'est un cas fr\u00e9quent avec le paiement \u00e0 une agence immobili\u00e8re.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le ch\u00e8que de caution est-il \u00e9mis par la caution du locataire ?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il ne faut pas confondre \"ch\u00e8que de caution\", le paiement d'un d\u00e9p\u00f4t de garantie par le locataire, avec le fait de se porter caution pour un locataire, proche, enfant, etc. En se portant caution, on s'engage \u00e0 payer le loyer \u00e0 la place du locataire d\u00e9faillant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le d\u00e9p\u00f4t de garantie est-il obligatoire ?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Non, en soi le d\u00e9p\u00f4t de garantie n'est pas obligatoire. Cependant, le bailleur ne s'en passera pas, sauf alternative s\u00e9rieuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C'est quoi le ch\u00e8que de caution pour une location de vacances ?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour les vacances, il peut vous \u00eatre demand\u00e9 un ch\u00e8que de caution pour garantir les d\u00e9g\u00e2ts survenus pendant votre s\u00e9jour sur votre lieu de vill\u00e9giature (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lesclesdelabanque.com\/particulier\/moyens-de-paiement-en-vacances\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">location saisonni\u00e8re)<\/a>. Il ne s'agit pas ici du ch\u00e8que d'acompte qui constitue une avance sur le prix. Vu le d\u00e9lai plut\u00f4t court des vacances, privil\u00e9giez une <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lesclesdelabanque.com\/particulier\/pre-autorisation-carte\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">pr\u00e9-autorisation de carte<\/a> bancaire. Il suffira au prestataire lors de votre d\u00e9part d'annuler cet accord.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">En compl\u00e9ment de l'article \"Ch\u00e8que de caution : montant, modalit\u00e9s, et restitution\":<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.service-public.gouv.fr\/particuliers\/vosdroits\/F31269\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">D\u00e9p\u00f4t de garantie dans un bail d'habitation sur le site service public<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000018625288\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">L\u00e9gifrance opposition sur ch\u00e8que \u00e0 l'article L 131-35 du Code mon\u00e9taire et financier<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"titleWithShadowText\">\n    <div class=\"titleWithShadowText__inner\">\n                <div class=\"titleWithShadowText__wrapper\">\n            <svg class=\"titleWithShadowText__wave 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srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lesclesdelabanque.com\/uploads\/2021\/04\/assurer-provision-_BD-382x270.jpg\">\n                        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lesclesdelabanque.com\/uploads\/2021\/04\/assurer-provision-_BD.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"card__backgroundImg\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\n        <\/picture>\n                <div class=\"card__content\">\n            <div class=\"card__metas\">\n                <div class=\"card__submetas\">\n                                        <p class=\"card__category\">Payer par ch\u00e8que<\/p>\n                                    <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"card__mainInformation\">\n                <h3 class=\"card__title\">\n                    <span class=\"card__title_span\">S&#039;assurer de la provision<\/span>\n                <\/h3>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n<\/article>\n        <\/div><\/div><div class=\"navigation\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"navigation__btn navigation__btn--previous\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.previous\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"context.hidden\" data-wp-bind--disabled=\"context.prevDisabled\"><span class=\"a11y-hidden\">Voir plus sur la gauche<\/span><svg class=\"navigation__arrow navigation__arrow--previous\" role=\"presentation\"><use href=\"#arrow\" xlink:href=\"#arrow\" \/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"navigation__btn navigation__btn--next\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.next\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"context.hidden\" data-wp-bind--disabled=\"context.nextDisabled\"><span class=\"a11y-hidden\">Voir plus sur la droite<\/span><svg class=\"navigation__arrow navigation__arrow--next\" role=\"presentation\"><use href=\"#arrow\" xlink:href=\"#arrow\" \/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vous cherchez un logement en location ou vous \u00eates propri\u00e9taire bailleur ? Le \"ch\u00e8que de caution\" fait partie des termes couramment utilis\u00e9s dans l'immobilier locatif. Pourtant, cette expression recouvre en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 le d\u00e9p\u00f4t de garantie, une somme encadr\u00e9e par la loi qui prot\u00e8ge le propri\u00e9taire contre d'\u00e9ventuels impay\u00e9s ou d\u00e9gradations. Entre montant autoris\u00e9, modalit\u00e9s d'encaissement [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":37807,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"likes":2,"views":1558,"viewed_at":"1778495717","newsletter":"1","_yoast_wpseo_primary_category":27,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27,20,107],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37805","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-le-cheque","category-mes-moyens-de-paiement","category-payer-par-cheque"],"yoast_head":"<title>Ch\u00e8que de caution : montant, modalit\u00e9s et restitution - Le ch\u00e8que - Les cl\u00e9s de la banque - Particulier<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ch\u00e8que de caution et d\u00e9p\u00f4t de garantie : quels droits, d\u00e9lais de restitution et risques d\u2019encaissement ? 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